Savings <- read.table('http://math.uttyler.edu/nathan/classes/grad-statistics/data/savings.data', header=TRUE) attach(Savings) mod <- lm(sr ~ pop75 + dpi) summary(mod) data.frame(sr,pop75,dpi) my.bogus.dataset <- data.frame(sr,sample(pop75),dpi) names(my.bogus.dataset)[2] <- 'pop75' data.frame(sr,pop75,dpi,my.bogus.dataset) bogus.mod <- lm(sr ~ pop75 + dpi,data=my.bogus.dataset) summary(bogus.mod)$coefficients summary(mod)$fstatistic[1] f.stats <- replicate(2000,summary(lm(sample(sr)~pop75+dpi))$fstatistic[1]) length(f.stats[f.stats>2.679647]) 185/2000